{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "# 数値計算入門\n",
    "\n",
    "<!--## インストール\n",
    "\n",
    "### Conda\n",
    "The best way set-up an scientific Python environment is to use the cross-platform package manager conda from Continuum Analytics. First download and install miniconda http://conda.pydata.org/miniconda.html or Anaconda (see below). Next, to install the required libraries for these notebooks, simply run:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    $ conda install jupyter spyder numpy scipy sympy matplotlib cython\n",
    "\n",
    "After you installed jupyter, you could run it from the anaconda terminal\n",
    "\n",
    "    $ jupyter notebook\n",
    "-->\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "## よいプログラムを書くために注意すべきこと\n",
    "\n",
    "* プログラムにコメントを含める\n",
    "\n",
    "* 意味のある変数名を使用する\n",
    "\n",
    "* 適切なタイプの変数を使用する\n",
    "\n",
    "* 定数を定義する\n",
    "\n",
    "* 実行に時間がかかる場合は、プログラム全体の部分的な結果と更新を出力します\n",
    "\n",
    "* プログラムを明確にレイアウトする\n",
    "\n",
    "* プログラムを不必要に複雑にしない\n",
    "\n",
    "* 最初に関数をインポートする\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 復習\n",
    "\n",
    "### 基本的な変数と型\n",
    "　integers、float、bollean、complexなど\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### 変数と型\n",
    "　通常の変数名は文字で始まる必要があります。慣例により、変数名は小文字で始まり、クラス名は大文字で始まります。\n",
    " \n",
    "　変数名には、英数字 a ～ z、A ～ Z、0 ～ 9、および _ などの一部の特殊文字を含めることができます。\n",
    "    \n",
    "　変数名として使用できない Python キーワードがいくつかあります。$ and, as, assert, print......\n",
    "    \n",
    "　Python の代入演算子は = です。Python は動的型付け言語であり、C/C++ とは異なり、変数の型を指定する必要はありません\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2.0 1.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "c = True\n",
    "d = 1+1.0j\n",
    "b = 2.0\n",
    "B = 1.0\n",
    "print(b, B)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 <class 'int'>\n",
      "2.0 <class 'float'>\n",
      "True <class 'bool'>\n",
      "(1+1j) <class 'complex'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a, type(a))\n",
    "print(b, type(b))\n",
    "print(c, type(c))\n",
    "print(d, type(d))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### クイズ\n",
    "1. 複素変数の実部と虚部を見つける方法は？    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1+2j)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "complex_number = 1+2.0j\n",
    "complex_number"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1.0\n",
      "2.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(complex_number.real)\n",
    "print(complex_number.imag)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### 算術演算子と比較演算子\n",
    "　ほとんどの算術演算子と比較演算子を使用することができます。\n",
    " \n",
    "　算術演算子 +, -, *, /, // (整数除算), '**' 乗数\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3 -1 2 0.5 0 2\n",
      "False False True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x, y = 1, 2\n",
    "print(x+y, x-y, x*y, x/y, x//y, y**x)\n",
    "print(x>y, x==y, x<y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 1\n",
    "y = 2\n",
    "x, y = 1, 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.8414709848078965 0.5403023058681398\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 三角関数 sin, cos\n",
    "from math import sin, cos, tan, asin\n",
    "print(sin(x), cos(x))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import math"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Help on module math:\n",
      "\n",
      "NAME\n",
      "    math\n",
      "\n",
      "MODULE REFERENCE\n",
      "    https://docs.python.org/3.11/library/math.html\n",
      "    \n",
      "    The following documentation is automatically generated from the Python\n",
      "    source files.  It may be incomplete, incorrect or include features that\n",
      "    are considered implementation detail and may vary between Python\n",
      "    implementations.  When in doubt, consult the module reference at the\n",
      "    location listed above.\n",
      "\n",
      "DESCRIPTION\n",
      "    This module provides access to the mathematical functions\n",
      "    defined by the C standard.\n",
      "\n",
      "FUNCTIONS\n",
      "    acos(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the arc cosine (measured in radians) of x.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        The result is between 0 and pi.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    acosh(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    asin(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the arc sine (measured in radians) of x.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        The result is between -pi/2 and pi/2.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    asinh(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    atan(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of x.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        The result is between -pi/2 and pi/2.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    atan2(y, x, /)\n",
      "        Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of y/x.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Unlike atan(y/x), the signs of both x and y are considered.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    atanh(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    cbrt(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the cube root of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    ceil(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the ceiling of x as an Integral.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        This is the smallest integer >= x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    comb(n, k, /)\n",
      "        Number of ways to choose k items from n items without repetition and without order.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Evaluates to n! / (k! * (n - k)!) when k <= n and evaluates\n",
      "        to zero when k > n.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Also called the binomial coefficient because it is equivalent\n",
      "        to the coefficient of k-th term in polynomial expansion of the\n",
      "        expression (1 + x)**n.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Raises TypeError if either of the arguments are not integers.\n",
      "        Raises ValueError if either of the arguments are negative.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    copysign(x, y, /)\n",
      "        Return a float with the magnitude (absolute value) of x but the sign of y.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        On platforms that support signed zeros, copysign(1.0, -0.0)\n",
      "        returns -1.0.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    cos(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the cosine of x (measured in radians).\n",
      "    \n",
      "    cosh(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the hyperbolic cosine of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    degrees(x, /)\n",
      "        Convert angle x from radians to degrees.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    dist(p, q, /)\n",
      "        Return the Euclidean distance between two points p and q.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        The points should be specified as sequences (or iterables) of\n",
      "        coordinates.  Both inputs must have the same dimension.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Roughly equivalent to:\n",
      "            sqrt(sum((px - qx) ** 2.0 for px, qx in zip(p, q)))\n",
      "    \n",
      "    erf(x, /)\n",
      "        Error function at x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    erfc(x, /)\n",
      "        Complementary error function at x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    exp(x, /)\n",
      "        Return e raised to the power of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    exp2(x, /)\n",
      "        Return 2 raised to the power of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    expm1(x, /)\n",
      "        Return exp(x)-1.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        This function avoids the loss of precision involved in the direct evaluation of exp(x)-1 for small x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    fabs(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the absolute value of the float x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    factorial(n, /)\n",
      "        Find n!.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Raise a ValueError if x is negative or non-integral.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    floor(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the floor of x as an Integral.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        This is the largest integer <= x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    fmod(x, y, /)\n",
      "        Return fmod(x, y), according to platform C.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        x % y may differ.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    frexp(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the mantissa and exponent of x, as pair (m, e).\n",
      "        \n",
      "        m is a float and e is an int, such that x = m * 2.**e.\n",
      "        If x is 0, m and e are both 0.  Else 0.5 <= abs(m) < 1.0.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    fsum(seq, /)\n",
      "        Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable seq.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Assumes IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    gamma(x, /)\n",
      "        Gamma function at x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    gcd(*integers)\n",
      "        Greatest Common Divisor.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    hypot(...)\n",
      "        hypot(*coordinates) -> value\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Multidimensional Euclidean distance from the origin to a point.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Roughly equivalent to:\n",
      "            sqrt(sum(x**2 for x in coordinates))\n",
      "        \n",
      "        For a two dimensional point (x, y), gives the hypotenuse\n",
      "        using the Pythagorean theorem:  sqrt(x*x + y*y).\n",
      "        \n",
      "        For example, the hypotenuse of a 3/4/5 right triangle is:\n",
      "        \n",
      "            >>> hypot(3.0, 4.0)\n",
      "            5.0\n",
      "    \n",
      "    isclose(a, b, *, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0)\n",
      "        Determine whether two floating point numbers are close in value.\n",
      "        \n",
      "          rel_tol\n",
      "            maximum difference for being considered \"close\", relative to the\n",
      "            magnitude of the input values\n",
      "          abs_tol\n",
      "            maximum difference for being considered \"close\", regardless of the\n",
      "            magnitude of the input values\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Return True if a is close in value to b, and False otherwise.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        For the values to be considered close, the difference between them\n",
      "        must be smaller than at least one of the tolerances.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        -inf, inf and NaN behave similarly to the IEEE 754 Standard.  That\n",
      "        is, NaN is not close to anything, even itself.  inf and -inf are\n",
      "        only close to themselves.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    isfinite(x, /)\n",
      "        Return True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and False otherwise.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    isinf(x, /)\n",
      "        Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    isnan(x, /)\n",
      "        Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    isqrt(n, /)\n",
      "        Return the integer part of the square root of the input.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    lcm(*integers)\n",
      "        Least Common Multiple.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    ldexp(x, i, /)\n",
      "        Return x * (2**i).\n",
      "        \n",
      "        This is essentially the inverse of frexp().\n",
      "    \n",
      "    lgamma(x, /)\n",
      "        Natural logarithm of absolute value of Gamma function at x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    log(...)\n",
      "        log(x, [base=math.e])\n",
      "        Return the logarithm of x to the given base.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        If the base not specified, returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    log10(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the base 10 logarithm of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    log1p(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the natural logarithm of 1+x (base e).\n",
      "        \n",
      "        The result is computed in a way which is accurate for x near zero.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    log2(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the base 2 logarithm of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    modf(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the fractional and integer parts of x.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Both results carry the sign of x and are floats.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    nextafter(x, y, /)\n",
      "        Return the next floating-point value after x towards y.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    perm(n, k=None, /)\n",
      "        Number of ways to choose k items from n items without repetition and with order.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Evaluates to n! / (n - k)! when k <= n and evaluates\n",
      "        to zero when k > n.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        If k is not specified or is None, then k defaults to n\n",
      "        and the function returns n!.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Raises TypeError if either of the arguments are not integers.\n",
      "        Raises ValueError if either of the arguments are negative.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    pow(x, y, /)\n",
      "        Return x**y (x to the power of y).\n",
      "    \n",
      "    prod(iterable, /, *, start=1)\n",
      "        Calculate the product of all the elements in the input iterable.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        The default start value for the product is 1.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        When the iterable is empty, return the start value.  This function is\n",
      "        intended specifically for use with numeric values and may reject\n",
      "        non-numeric types.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    radians(x, /)\n",
      "        Convert angle x from degrees to radians.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    remainder(x, y, /)\n",
      "        Difference between x and the closest integer multiple of y.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Return x - n*y where n*y is the closest integer multiple of y.\n",
      "        In the case where x is exactly halfway between two multiples of\n",
      "        y, the nearest even value of n is used. The result is always exact.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    sin(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the sine of x (measured in radians).\n",
      "    \n",
      "    sinh(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the hyperbolic sine of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    sqrt(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the square root of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    tan(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the tangent of x (measured in radians).\n",
      "    \n",
      "    tanh(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the hyperbolic tangent of x.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    trunc(x, /)\n",
      "        Truncates the Real x to the nearest Integral toward 0.\n",
      "        \n",
      "        Uses the __trunc__ magic method.\n",
      "    \n",
      "    ulp(x, /)\n",
      "        Return the value of the least significant bit of the float x.\n",
      "\n",
      "DATA\n",
      "    e = 2.718281828459045\n",
      "    inf = inf\n",
      "    nan = nan\n",
      "    pi = 3.141592653589793\n",
      "    tau = 6.283185307179586\n",
      "\n",
      "FILE\n",
      "    /Users/iikubo/miniconda3/lib/python3.11/lib-dynload/math.cpython-311-darwin.so\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "help(math)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### 文字列"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Welcome to 融合基礎情報学I <class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Strings = \"Welcome to 融合基礎情報学I\"\n",
    "print(Strings, type(Strings))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "welcome to 融合基礎情報学I\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 文字列計算もできます\n",
    "str1 = 'welcome to' \n",
    "str2 = ' 融合基礎情報学I'\n",
    "print(str1+str2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### リスト"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['Welcome to 融合基礎情報学'] <class 'list'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Lists = ['Welcome to 融合基礎情報学']\n",
    "print(Lists, type(Lists))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### forループ\n",
    "Pythonでは、リストなどの反復可能なオブジェクトと一緒にfor ループが使用されます。\n",
    "\n",
    "基本的な構文は次のとおりです。\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "1\n",
      "complete\n",
      "2\n",
      "4\n",
      "complete\n",
      "3\n",
      "9\n",
      "complete\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for x in [1,2,3]:\n",
    "    print(x)\n",
    "    print(x**2)\n",
    "    print('complete')\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### 条件分岐\n",
    "if文を使って条件により処理を分岐させます。基本的な構文は次のとおりです。\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "true\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x=3\n",
    "y=3\n",
    "if (x>=y):\n",
    "    print(\"true\")    \n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"false\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### whileループ\n",
    "while文を使って処理を繰り返し行わせることができます。基本的な構文は次のとおりです。\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "cycle-----------:  0 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  1 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  2 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  3 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  4 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  5 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  6 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  7 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  8 nm\n",
      "cycle-----------:  9 nm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 0\n",
    "while True:\n",
    "    print(\"cycle-----------: \", i, 'nm')\n",
    "    #i = i + 1 works\n",
    "    #i++ not work\n",
    "    i+=1\n",
    "    if i == 10:\n",
    "        break"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "celltoolbar": "Slideshow",
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.11.6"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 4
}